What is an Object? An object is an entity that possesses both state and behavior. In simple terms, an object is an instance of a class. It encapsulates the properties (state) and functionalities (behavior) defined by its class. Example: Object: Pencil State: Name: Ballpoint Color: Black Behavior: - To write What is a Class? A class is a blueprint for creating objects. It defines a set of properties and methods that the created objects will have. Think of a class as a template that outlines what an object will be like. Components of a Class: Fields: Variables to store data. Methods: Functions to define behaviors. Constructors: Special methods to initialize objects. Blocks: Code blocks for initialization. Nested Class and Interface: Classes or interfaces defined within another class Instance Variables Instance variables are variables declared within a class but outside any method. They are specific to each object created from the class. Unlike static varia...
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