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Configuring Static NAT for Any Network Scenario


Introduction

Network Address Translation (NAT) is a fundamental technique used in networking to translate private IP addresses to public IP addresses and vice versa. Static NAT is a method where a specific private IP address is mapped to a specific public IP address. 

Configuration Steps

Router Configuration

  1. Enable NAT Service

    Router(config)#ip nat inside source static [inside-local] [inside-global]
    • Replace [inside-local] with the private IP address to be translated.
    • Replace [inside-global] with the public IP address to translate to.

  2. Configure Interfaces

    Router(config)# interface [inside-interface]
Router(config-if)# ip address [inside-ip-address] [subnet-mask]
Router(config-if)# ip nat inside
Router(config-if)# no shutdown
Router(config-if)# exit

Router(config)# interface [outside-interface]
Router(config-if)# ip address [outside-ip-address] [subnet-mask]
Router(config-if)# ip nat outside
Router(config-if)# no shutdown
Router(config-if)# exit
    • Replace [inside-interface] with the interface connected to the internal network.
    • Replace [inside-ip-address] and [subnet-mask] with the appropriate IP address and subnet mask for the internal interface.
    • Replace [outside-interface] with the interface connected to the external network.
    • Replace [outside-ip-address] and [subnet-mask] with the appropriate IP address and subnet mask for the external interface.

  3. Configure Static Routes

    Router(config)# ip route [external-network] [subnet-mask] [next-hop-ip]
    • Replace [external-network] with the destination network.
    • Replace [subnet-mask] with the subnet mask of the destination network.
    • Replace [next-hop-ip] with the next-hop IP address to reach the external network.

  4. Save Configuration

    Router# write memory

Verification and Testing

  1. Check NAT Translations

    Router# show ip nat translations

  2. Check NAT Statistics

    Router# show ip nat statistics

  3. Perform Ping Tests

    SourceDevice> ping [destination-public-ip]

  4. Check Routing Table

    Router# show ip route
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